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Alongside the behavioral features of autism, this neurodevelopmental disorder is characterized by important differences in the neural circuitry underlying language processing. Regarding brain structure, most neurotypical individuals have larger left-hemisphere volumes of brain regions that are important for language, compared to the same regions in the right hemisphere (the right half of the brain). This asymmetry is due to neural specialization of left hemisphere regions for the purpose of language functions. In contrast, the brains of autistic individuals seem to be more symmetrical, suggesting that language difficulties are associated with reduced left hemisphere specialization for language in the brain. The activity of brain regions involved in language also differs in autism. Examining brain activity reveals nuanced and important differences in the processes underlying language production and comprehension in neurotypical and autistic individuals, even when their language behavior appears similar.